Bo Burnham’s groundbreaking Netflix special “Inside” exposes the flaws in millennial culture

Bo Burnham’s “Inside” is a painfully accurate reflection of what it feels like to be not young, not old and not well. I say painful because I turned 30 during the pandemic, and watching Burnham “celebrate” the minute he turned 30 during the pandemic with a meager “Yay” and a song about no longer being…

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ArrayPhoto credit: Array

Bo Burnham’s “Inside” is a painfully accurate reflection of what it feels like to be not young, not old and not well.

I say painful because I turned 30 during the pandemic, and watching Burnham “celebrate” the minute he turned 30 during the pandemic with a meager “Yay” and a song about no longer being the youngest person in the room—it hit hard. Even the bits that didn’t resonate with me still provoked a feeling of millennial familiarity, and nailed how easy it is to see the problems with ourselves, yet how complex it is to fix them.





“Inside” takes place over the course of a year. Burnham films and directs the special in his guesthouse and strings together pieces of the pandemic through songs, monologues, parodies of popular YouTube conventions and the occasional clip of equipment falling to the ground. Subjects range from systemic oppression, to FaceTiming your mom, also known as the average day in the COVID-19 age. One key difference is though my feelings and fears matched Burnham’s to a T, his were voiced from an auxiliary home, surrounded by thousands of dollars of equipment, earning him a Netflix payday.

Despite the obvious income disparity, many other sentiments in Burnham’s latest special hold up a vanity mirror to what millennials have been feeling all too well. At the end of the aforementioned “30,” Burnham sings “It’s 2020, and I’m t30, I’ll do another 10/2030, I’ll be 40 and kill myself then.” This is immediately followed by a new, transition-less scene where Burnham sits on a stool, looks in a mirror with a mic assuring us he doesn’t actually want to kill himself and a satirical half-hearted plea for others not to kill themselves either. The segment ends with Burnham saying “but if I could kill myself for a year, I’d do it today.”

I’d never heard my feeling about an entire year summed up so perfectly in one sentence.

Millennials first met Burnham in 2006 on YouTube. In a sea of Fall Out Boy lyric videos and clips of your next door neighbor falling down stairs, Burnham was a nerdy white guy who played instruments in his bedroom and sang cleverly irreverent songs. In 2006, there was nothing cooler. High schoolers like me ate up his charm, his wordplay and his casual racism because that was state-of-the-art. In his 2008 video “New Math,” 18-year-old Burnham sings “And if 10% of men are gay/20% of men are Chinese/What are the odds that a man chosen at random/Spends his free time and mealtime while on his knees?” This was my MySpace song during that year, and I never gave it a second thought. Now, my peers and I cringe and regret.

After recognition from older, more established stand-ups and creating a beautifully poignant coming-of-age film “Eighth Grade,” it’s clear that Burnham has grown. But, like many his age, the pandemic dictated a regression. While I chose to play New Found Glory and My Chemical Romance, Burnham returned to the genesis of his fame and realization of his creativity: alone in a room with a keyboard.



While some of us deleted old tweets from when we were teens for fear they might be construed as mildly offensive if a hiring manager found them, Burnham has been forced to reckon with the idea that his version of cringey tweets are what made him famous. He can’t simply delete his past, nor does he want to as evidenced by his 15-year-old YouTube videos still being online. In the song “Problematic,” Burnham works himself into a sweat that drips from his pandemic-grown beard. He sings that growing up in white suburbs was what led him to say offensive things, but then flips, saying he shouldn’t blame his behavior on his upbringing—perhaps a dance some of us have done over these past few years.

“Problematic” is still very much a Burnham song, complete with the funny asides that made us like him in the first place, like when he slips in “When I was seventeen, on Halloween/I dressed up as Aladdin/I did not darken my skin, but still, it feels weird in hindsight.” The reason why we can forgive Burnham for being “problematic” is because it’s a level of controversy we can imagine ourselves in. It made me wonder if there had been some cancellation buzz around Burnham if we’d be so quick to forgive. Or, if seeing Burnham forgive himself, we simply used it as an excuse to forgive ourselves, too.

“Inside” is saturated with self-awareness, while questioning the value of that quality. The special stretches from concert to internet variety show. One segment shows Burnham singing a song about unpaid interns, then zooms out to introduce Burnham once again, only sitting in front of the computer watching himself and about to do a live commentary on the video. This keeps zooming out in a Russian Doll level of commentary, during which he refers to a portion of himself in the video saying “Here, I’m so worried critics will levy against me, that I levy it against myself. If I’m self-aware about being a douchebag, it somehow makes me less of a douchebag—but it doesn’t. Self-awareness does not absolve anyone of anything.”

If we take anything away from this special, it’s that saying we did something wrong is hollow unless it’s backed up with the action to do better.

That all being said, “Inside” isn’t entirely revelatory. Songs like “White Woman’s Instagram” that name and demonstrate the cliche images we’ve all come to label as “basic” has the same snark as the teenager who dropped the line “You’re a first time vegan and it’s nice to meat ya” in 2008.




It’s also just as dated. In “Sexting” we hear all the awkwardness about the subject we’ve heard since Tinder became a thing. For being so hard-hitting at times, there’s no shortage of pandering, though the music is always remarkably great.

Even the special itself might seem dated. “Inside” came out at the end of May 2021, a time when many people in America are fully vaccinated and venturing outside. Watching it gives flashbacks to a sore time far too recent that is nowhere near nostalgic. But, as Burnham ventures out of the guesthouse at the end of 80 minutes of “content” (as he derisively refers to his own special) he suddenly finds himself in the spotlight. A crowd starts uproariously laughing at him.

During 2020, I spent all this time self-reflecting, spiraling, and promising to do better, but once I go out and see how hard it is to perform in real life, will I just revert back? Will I just think back on this time as something I’m lucky to have escaped? As Burnham sings in “Problematic”: Times are changing and I’m getting old / Are you gonna hold me accountable?” Burnham makes an art piece out of the white millennial pastime of apologizing and agonizing, and while that’s the first step, it remains to be seen if this type of art creates change, or simply admits it needs to happen.

  • A neighbor complained that her rooftop yoga was “inappropriate for children” and promoted “Eastern religion.” She made them regret it.
    A woman does yoga outside by the waterPhoto credit: Canva

    Getting a formal notice from your HOA is rarely a good way to start the morning. For one homeowner (u/clammyanton on Reddit) who shared her story on social media, the letter arrived after months of peaceful sunrise yoga on her rooftop terrace, a routine she’d built around the views and the quiet of early morning.

    The notice informed her that a neighbor had filed a complaint about her “inappropriate public displays” and “disturbance of community aesthetics.” She was baffled. She practiced at 6 AM when almost no one else was awake, wore standard workout clothes, and made no noise.

    Then it got stranger. When she followed up with the HOA manager for specifics, she learned the neighbor had gone further than a written complaint. They had been photographing her in various poses and submitted the photos as evidence, arguing they were “inappropriate for children to potentially see” and were “promoting Eastern religious practices in a family community.”

    A woman meditates in a garden setting.
    A woman meditates while doing yoga. Photo credit: Canva

    “I’m literally just doing basic vinyasa flow!” she wrote.

    The detail about Eastern religious practices caught significant attention when the post went viral on Reddit, and for good reason. Legal experts and housing advocates are clear on this point: the Fair Housing Act prohibits HOAs from restricting a homeowner’s use of their property based on religion. As one legal resource explains it plainly, an HOA can ban exercise broadly, but it cannot single out yoga specifically because of its perceived religious associations. The same logic applies to holiday decorations — an HOA that bans string lights for Diwali but allows Christmas lights is on legally shaky ground.

    Commenters on the post were quick to flag this. “If that whole promoting Eastern religion thing is an exact quote, I feel like that right there is your ticket to fight,” wrote  u/cheybananas. “They can’t just outlaw religious practices.”

    Others were more focused on the neighbor’s surveillance. Several urged her to file a counter-complaint about someone photographing her on her own private terrace at dawn. “Taking photos of someone on their private residence without their knowledge or consent?” u/ok-pomegranate-6479  wrote. “Involve authorities if you have to, that’s creepy.”

    A woman performs an advanced yoga pose while on the beach in front of the ocean.
    A woman executes an advanced yoga pose on the beach. Photo credit: Canva

    The homeowner had already come to the same conclusion on her own. After reviewing her HOA’s bylaws, she found nothing prohibiting yoga or exercise on private terraces, only a vague clause about maintaining community standards. She drafted a formal email to the HOA board requesting the specific bylaw citation they were relying on, along with copies of all photos collected of her. She also made clear she was considering a counter-complaint about the neighbor’s behavior.

    “The irony is that yoga is supposed to reduce stress,” she wrote, “but this whole situation is doing the opposite.”

    Her experience isn’t unusual. A Rocket Mortgage survey of more than 1,000 HOA homeowners found that more than 3 in 10 feel their HOA has too much power, and 10% have considered selling their home because of it.

    This article originally appeared earlier this year.

  • ‘Cat’s Cradle’ video has people pondering how trends went viral before the Internet
    Cat's Cradle has been played for generations all over the world.Photo credit: Canva
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    ‘Cat’s Cradle’ video has people pondering how trends went viral before the Internet

    Without social media, how were kids in Norway, Brazil, South Korea, and the U.S. all doing the same things?

    The word “trending” may have gained a whole new meaning in the Internet age, but trends have always existed as a social phenomenon. A video of teens in the ’90s doing “Cat’s Cradle” has people pondering how trends spread, sometimes worldwide, without social media.

    For those who are unfamiliar, Cat’s Cradle is a game of sorts involving a long loop of string wrapped around your hands and fingers in a specific pattern. The game involves transferring the string from one person to another without getting it tangled. Here’s what it looks like:

    The video on X triggered a ton of nostalgia in those who remember playing Cat’s Cradle. But the most remarkable thing is that people from all over the world say they played it around the same time:

    “HOW is this a universal thing. We did this exact thing, exact same moves, in Norway in the early 90s. Pre internet.”

    “That’s a great question. I used to play that game back in the ’90s, too, and I’m from Brazil.”

    “Same in Italy.”

    “What? This is a global thing, greetings from Chile.”

    “This is a game we used to play in Korea. Seeing it for the first time in a long while makes me miss my childhood memories.”

    “We did this in Romania too.”

    To be fair, Cat’s Cradle has been around for a long time. No one appears to know its exact origin. But a specific reference to the game appears in the 1768 novel The Light of Nature Pursued by Abraham Tucker:

    “An ingenious play they call cat’s cradle; one ties the two ends of a packthread together, and then winds it about his fingers, another with both hands takes it off perhaps in the shape of a gridiron, the first takes it from him again in another form, and so on alternately changing the packthread into a multitude of figures whose names I forget, it being so many years since I played at it myself.”

    A girl plays Cat's Cradle with a red string
    Cat’s Cradle has gone through waves of popularity. Photo credit: Canva

    It appears the game has seen surges in popularity at various times—but how? Why did it specifically trend in the ’90s? How did games, fashion, music, dance styles, and more become popular across the country or even the world before the Internet?

    Those who remember life before social media have shared recollections of how trends spread on forums like Reddit and MetaFilter. It’s a fascinating glimpse into a nearly forgotten past:

    “Everyone at a school would do it. Then, one group of people from this school would go to a youth group, and meet a group of people from a different school. It would become common throughout the youth group.

    People from the youth group would go to their own respective schools, and it would spread around the rest of their school mates who don’t go to that youth group – but perhaps go to a different youth group.

    Once something got popular enough, it might feature in magazines or even on TV.” – LondonPilot

    “Cultural transmission was a lot slower previously. In the 60s it was said New Zealand was five years behind England, later it was three years.

    Broadcast radio and later TV sped up cultural transmission immensely. TV shows were transported on film and played on telecine machines at the studios, up to six years behind the original release.

    Magazines were a bigger thing than now. International magazine subscriptions by airmail were extremely expensive so surface mail added up to two months to delivery. Many people read magazines via public libraries.

    Note none of the above are interactive, and only magazines allowed niche interests. Broadcast media had very few channels (until the US got cable TV) e.g. in NZ in the 70s a in a big city there might be six radio stations and one TV station. Later there were four major TV stations.

    There was much less diversity. Record shops had knowledgeable staff who could make recommendations. These were important as an album was a significant investment.

    People travelled and brought back new ideas. (In those days, Western countries were different to each other 😉

    Schoolkids spread jokes and games – one person could infect a whole school with a good game.” – cyathea

    “I think in the pre-internet days some trends and fashions were spread broadly via mass media, but many were regional and local. My wife grew up in small town Midwest and I grew up in the Boston area, both in the 70s to 80s. There were music, fashion and other cultural trends that were part of everyday life for me in the early- to mid-80s that were entirely unknown to her at that time.” –slkinsey

    “I think the big thing was that trends moved more slowly. So you’d have a thing that happened on TV and your weekly magazine (Time, Newsweek) would talk about it. Or your monthly humor magazine (Mad, Cracked). A lot more people watched the same channels, so you’d see people dressed on shows and dressed in commercials… I lived in a rural area, and when I’d visit friends in the big city I’d get ideas and some of those would filter down. I assume it was like this for other people, getting ideas from people more cosmopolitan and then the trickle down. Same with radio, there were only so many stations and there would be a culture that built up around each one which might include shows they promoted (you’d go, you’d see other people) and maybe local events or stuff around them.” –jessamyn 

    “I think social media is more about an acceleration in the spread of trends, as well as an increase in the scope of their spread, than the absence of trend-spreading before. Prior to Facebook/etc, people talked to one another, in person…

    Media wasn’t ‘social’ as we mean it today, but it was still… media. That, and people did what people do – watched the ‘in’ person or people among them and often copied/followed along. Based on my memories of summer camp, trends spread there practically in minutes, sans phones or the internet. Some of this had to do with most of the campers originating in the same hometown. They all just… knew… what was “in” (based on all knowing each other, they decided what that was, in turn based on movies, TV shows, etc) and good luck if you weren’t from their town. People set trends, and others follow, or try to follow – whether through gossip and magazines and MTV, or through social media. All that’s changed is the speed in which trends get set, and the size of the area that they reach.” – Armed Only With Hubris 

    “- Cool kids moving from other parts of the country to my rapidly-growing Minneapolis suburb were a vector for fashion trends in particular.

    – Older siblings would see shows at local venues, interact with others in the audience as well as the bands themselves and people traveling with them, and then bring those influences back to their friends and younger siblings.

    A person pulls a record out of a collection at a music shop
    Record shops played a big role in music trends before the Internet. Photo credit: Canva

    – A handful of shops played important roles spreading culture. Music stores were hangout spots where music was discovered and ideas mixed.

    – Alternative radio stations and college radio had a big reach even out into the small towns and countryside.” – theory 

    It’s wild to see these explanations and realize how much the Internet has changed things. Newspapers, magazines, radio stations, and record shops have struggled just to survive in the digital age. Rarely do they serve as influential forces in what’s popular.

    The people we used to think of as trendsetters are now “influencers.” Real-life social connections have morphed into social media connections that spread trends in the blink of an eye. It’s hard to remember a time when trends spread slowly, either in person or through influences we all shared. But it sure is fun to remember a time when a simple string game could keep us occupied for hours.

  • Delightful clip from 1955 shows how globes were once painstakingly made by hand
    A look inside a British globe manufacturing shop in 1955.Photo credit: British Pathé/YouTube

    For more than 2,000 years, humankind has known that the Earth is round. That fact was widely demonstrated in 1522, when the Magellan-Elcano expedition sailed around the planet without falling off its nonexistent edge. So for more than 2,000 years, people have made globes to help them navigate the planet and hone their geographic knowledge.

    In the second century AD, a major step in globe-making came when Claudius Ptolemy developed a scientific method for locating places using coordinates known as latitude and longitude. Initially, elites exchanged globes with one another. You might also find one in a classroom. But globes began to be mass-produced in the early 19th century, giving more people a way to understand the world from their own homes.

    Video shows how globes were made in London in 1955

    A charming video by British Pathé, created in 1955, offers an inside look at what it was like to manufacture a globe by hand before machines took over much of the process. British Pathé was a newsreel producer that covered world events from 1896 to 1978, and today its entire archive is available to view for free.

    Globe construction in the 1950s was a painstaking process. It began with covering a solid wooden ball with papier-mâché, which was then coated with plaster. Nine separate layers of plaster were applied to the sphere, bringing it to a thickness of 1/8 inch; the entire molding process took more than six hours.

    Once dried, the globe was sent to the covering room, where the map was pasted on in small portions, “like restoring the skin to a peeled orange,” the narrator said. After the map was added to the globe’s surface, workers painstakingly smoothed out any lumps and removed excess glue. It was then attached to an axis for display. The entire process took around 15 hours.

    globe, display globe, classroom globe, modern globe, map
    A globe. Photo credit: Canva

    In 1955, globes were available in sizes ranging from one inch (£0.60) to six feet (£1,000), which would cost roughly $24 to $35,000 in today’s dollars.

    How are globes made today?

    Replogle Globes, one of the world’s largest globe manufacturers, shared a video offering a behind-the-scenes look at how globes are made today and how modern machines have made the process much faster.

    One big difference from how globes were made in the ’50s is that the maps are printed directly onto chipboard, which is then precisely cut with a hydraulic press and formed into half a sphere. During the pressing process, three-dimensional mountains are embossed into the globe’s surface. After the northern and southern hemispheres are pressed together, they are attached to a central hoop, creating a complete replica of planet Earth.

    Globes have been around for more than 2,000 years, and they remain one of the few educational tools that we still use today. You can put a child in front of a computer and show them a representation of the Earth, which they will probably understand. Still, nothing beats running your fingers across a globe and spinning it in your hands to realize what an incredible planet we live on.

  • A woman found the Oscars red carpet in a dumpster and knew just what to do with it
    Paige Thalia shows off her impressive dumpster find. Photo credit: @hellopaigethalia/TikTok

    Thanks to a bit of savvy resourcefulness, some of Hollywood’s trash is now a woman’s interior decor treasure. 

    As Los Angeles-based content creator Paige Thalia shared with The New York Post, she had been walking her dog just outside the Dolby Theatre where the Oscars are held as crews were setting up for the March 15 ceremony.

    Apparently, Thalia had just moved into a nearby apartment and needed a rug “that wasn’t crazy expensive” for her living room.

    Then, inspiration struck. Why not deck out her living room with the famous red carpet? 

    @hellopaigethalia

    I’ve never wanted to turn my resume into a paper airplane more tbh

    ♬ Fame (2016 Remaster) – David Bowie

    Apparently, when Thalia first moved to Los Angeles 10 years ago, she attended a post-Oscars event at the Dolby Theatre, where she was allowed to “take home a tiny piece.” So, the dream seemed at least somewhat attainable.

    @hellopaigethalia

    I set a little personal mission of getting this 3 days ago and it actually happened omg #oscars #redcarpet #hollywood

    ♬ Long Cool Woman – MOONLGHT

    Sure enough, when she asked security if she could hop into the dumpsters to procure some pieces, they let her. In her now-viral reel, Thalia is seen with multiple large rolls.

    Later in her apartment, we see her casually vacuuming a piece of fabric that so many celebrity feet had traipsed across just hours earlier. No big deal.

    @hellopaigethalia

    I would like to thank the Academy… for this free rug

    ♬ original sound – Paige Thalia 💐

    Sadly, Thalia said that since going viral, the carpet had been moved behind a security gate, and security would not let anyone else take it.

    “I’m sorry I brought attention to it before all you guys could get some,” she said. 

    @hellopaigethalia

    Replying to @sufficientanybody sorry to announce this

    ♬ original sound – Paige Thalia 💐

    After Thalia’s video began making the rounds, several viewers criticized the apparent wastefulness of treating the red carpet as single-use.

    “I’m sorry. You’re telling me the Oscars don’t have a storage unit or something in order to reuse it??? They buy/make the carpet for ONE NIGHT and then THROW IT AWAY????? I’m shocked!!!,” one viewer wrote. 

    Another said, “I was today years old when I learned how wasteful the Oscars are…cause WHAT DO YOU MEAN THEY BUY NEW CARPET EVERY YEAR?! but I can’t use a plastic straw.. Cool.”

    Others hoped that Thalia’s story would inspire more sustainable measures in the future.

    “Maybe next year they will not just throw it away,” a commenter wrote. “Let’s hope they donate or recycle it for some other use. It is crazy wasteful thank you for the attention you process.”

    “That could make so many throw rugs for animal shelters!” someone on X added, while another wrote, “Could they not auction off sections of the carpet and donate portions of the proceeds to charity? Would make for better PR at least.”

    It would seem that Event Carpet Pros, the company that has manufactured the carpet for the Oscars for more than 20 years, as well as events on both coasts like the Golden Globes, the Primetime Emmy Awards, and the Grammy Awards, has, in fact, been recycling its carpets as of 2023. Perhaps Thalia was lucky enough to go dumpster diving in a recycling bin. After all, the video shows the dumpster belonged to recycling removal company King Environmental.

    Either way, we can probably all agree that, as one viewer wrote, walking through the streets with a random piece of the Oscars red carpet is “the most LA thing ever.”

  • She had three packs of meat left and no money for groceries. Her landlord’s response has been shared half a million times.
    A woman chats on FaceTime while her young child watchesPhoto credit: Canva
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    She had three packs of meat left and no money for groceries. Her landlord’s response has been shared half a million times.

    When Alan called his tenant Christina to say skip April’s rent, she thought that was the end of it. It wasn’t.

    In April 2020, Christina Marie was doing the math that millions of families were doing that spring, and the numbers weren’t adding up. A mother of four in Saginaw, Michigan, she was struggling to cover her bills as the pandemic ground everyday life to a halt. She had three packs of meat in her fridge and knew she’d need to make a grocery run soon, which meant going out during one of the most frightening early months of the outbreak. Then her landlord called.

    His name was Alan, and he had something to tell her: don’t worry about rent this month. They’d figure it out later.

    “SOOO My landlord Alan called me earlier and told me not to worry about rent this month and we will worry about it later i said okay!” Christina wrote in a Facebook post that would eventually rack up more than 500,000 reactions. She was grateful, she explained, and that was that. Or so she thought.

    During the call, Alan had also asked her a simple question: did she have food? She told him about the meat, mentioned she needed to get to the store. He told her to be safe and hung up.

    A little while later, her phone buzzed. It was a text from Alan, asking her to go check her front porch.

    She opened the door to find 16 bags of groceries waiting for her. Cartons of milk, potatoes, diapers and more, quietly left without any fanfare. Alan had decided she shouldn’t have to go out at all.

    “I couldn’t tell you how I feel right now for him to do this for my family my heart is so touched GOD BLESS YOU,” she wrote, alongside a photo of her porch overflowing with bags.

    According to Goalcast, Alan had been inspired by another landlord, Nathan Nichols, who had publicly announced he was giving his tenants a rent-free April because of the “serious financial hardship” the pandemic was causing for hourly and service workers. Nichols had also put out a call to other landlords: “I ask any other landlords out there to take a serious look at your own situation and consider giving your tenants some rent relief as well.” Alan took that to heart, and then went further.

    The post spread fast. Commenters poured in from across the country, many of them saying what a lot of people were thinking. “Better keep him as your landlord because it is really hard to find a good hearted person like that,” wrote Balentin Torres. Mivida Loca added, “It’s nice to know that we can stick together during such times and that there are decent human beings like that around.”

    Others were more direct: they wished Alan was their landlord too.

    The story keeps resurfacing because it captures something people were hungry for in those early, disorienting weeks of the pandemic, and still look for now. Not a grand gesture from a famous face or a corporation with a PR team, but one person quietly deciding that someone else’s situation was his business too, and doing something about it.

    This article originally appeared earlier this year.

  • Gen Z thinks capital letters are just ‘too intense.’ And a linguist agrees.
    Gen Z prefers typing in all lowercase.Photo credit: Canva

    Gen Z has developed many quirks that have come to define the generation. From “work minimalism” to “soft socializing” to their unique slang, they’re redefining their experience in the world.

    They’ve also adopted their own views on grammar and punctuation. Many Gen Zers claim that using periods in texts is “aggressive.” The generation has also seemingly done away with capital letters, arguing that it “feels too intense.”

    If you’ve ever texted with a Gen Zer, you may notice that they forgo capital letters and keep their typing all lowercase. But why?

    Linguist Tom Scott addresses it in a video about Gen Z’s unconventional views on grammar.

    Why Gen Z prefers lowercase letters

    According to Scott, for Gen Z, it’s deeper than just bucking a long-standing grammar rule. It comes down to their lived experience in the digital age.

    “We don’t speak to everyone in our lives in the exact same way,” he explains, noting that with bosses our speech becomes more formal, while with friends and family it becomes more casual. “We change our way of speaking depending on the identity that we’re trying to project.”

    He notes that our voices have different registers and intonations, and that different varieties of language—and the way our voices rise and fall in tone to convey meaning—are used in different situations. The same goes for the written word, aka text messages.

    In writing, capital letters simply indicate the beginning of a sentence and proper nouns, such as “A man named John traveled to London to see the Queen.”

    “While that might make a paragraph easier to read, we don’t flag that at all when we speak,” Scott explains. “So in informal conversations, those that feel like speaking, we don’t need capital letters.”

    @dylanjpalladino

    Can someone explain this to me? From the most recent podcast episode, we talk about Gen Z not using capitals letters and also how the terms millennial, boomer and Gen z were created by Johnson and Johnson to sell you more soap. #podcast #podcasts #comedy #genz #millennial

    ♬ original sound – Dylan J Palladino

    The digital influence on Gen Z’s lowercase typing

    In online communities, capital letters convey something else: tone.

    “All-caps became shouting [CAN YOU HEAR ME?]. So lowercase is calm, normal conversation,” says Scott. “Remove the capitalization and you get this sort of aloof, don’t-really-care tone that works well for dead pan humor and irony.”

    Scott adds that some people think all-lowercase typing is lazy, but intentionally typing in all lowercase requires changing settings and putting in extra effort to delete capitalized letters that get autocorrected, thus debunking that theory.

    All-lowercase is a stylistic effect that Gen Z has adopted and used consistently, which Scott emphasizes means it’s understood within the group.

    Gen Z responds

    On Reddit, many Gen Zers explained why they prefer typing in all lowercase:

    “We don’t type everything in lowercase. We know damn well how formal capitalization works. Can use periods too, thank you very much! The usage of no capitals is mainly a thing in informal contexts, and comes from when autocapitalization didn’t exist; when it was genuinely faster to type without them. It has developed into a social tool – along with rigid punctuation standards – to mark informal speech apart from formal.”

    “Because it makes the text messages overly serious. Many of my peers find it rude if you text the way I’m texting now with proper punctuation and capitalization.”

    “Because the boomers took the ALL UPPER CASE.”

    “i write in lowercase when it comes to keeping things casual but then switch to a more formalized sentence structure in situations where i have to be serious.”

  • A hundred years ago, everyone wore hats. In 1960, they suddenly stopped. Here’s why.
    When did everyone stop wearing hats?Photo credit: via Warmbru Curiosity/YouTube
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    A hundred years ago, everyone wore hats. In 1960, they suddenly stopped. Here’s why.

    Old footage from the ’50s shows men, women, and children wearing hats everywhere they go.

    It was everywhere. Men, women, and even children did it every time they left the house. If you see old newsreel footage of men in the office or on commuter trains from the advent of the motion picture camera to the early ‘60s, nearly everyone is wearing a hat. Hats were just as common for women in that era. For a woman to go out without a hat in the first half of the 20th century was akin to going out without clothes.

    The funny thing is that everyone’s headgear is so similar in the old-timey footage that it makes previous generations look like big-time conformists. Then, in the early ‘60s, everything changed, and men and women started to go out in public with their hair exposed. Why did such a big aspect of fashion seem to change overnight?

    Warmbru Curiosity investigated the question recently in a popular YouTube video. Warmbru’s channel is a lighthearted look at some of the more unusual people and events from our history and how they have influenced the world in which we live.

     

    Why did people stop wearing hats?

    Warmbru says fashion changed dramatically after World War II, when people in developed countries began to care less about expressing their social status. “This was especially true among the younger generation the rise of youth culture in the 1950s and 1960s emphasized rebellion against traditional norms, including formal dress codes,” the YouTuber says.

    Mad Men, Don Draper, Jon Hamm, hats, mens fashion, men's hats, 1950s
    Don Draper from AMC’s Image via

    Another big reason for the change in fashion was technology. Cars became the preferred mode of transportation for many after World War II and indoor environments became more hospitable. “People spent far less time exposed to the elements as people increasingly moved to urban areas and started using cars,” Warmbru says. “The practicality of wearing hats diminishes. Hats can be cumbersome in cars and on public transport, improvements in heating and air conditioning reduce the need for hats to provide warmth.”

    Warmbru adds that President John F. Kennedy, elected in 1960, rarely wore a hat and his decision to go bareheaded became associated with modernity. Further, in 1963, the mop-topped Beatles proudly flaunted their hatless heads as they shook them while singing, “Wooooo.” Hat-wearing among women began to decline around the same time as the restrictive and complex headgear clashed with the burgeoning women’s liberation movement.

    Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, Jackie Kennedy, hats, men, men's fashion, 1960's, 1950's

    John F. Kennedy with his family Image via Wikicommons

    The decline in hat purchases meant that manufacturers closed and the headgear became harder to come by. This reduced availability further contributed to the decline in hat-wearing. As fewer people wore hats, there became a greater demand for high-quality hair products and services. “Why spend a fortune at the hairdressers or the barbers just to cover the end result with a hat?” Warmbru asks.

    Ultimately, there were many reasons why people stopped wearing hats. It appears that it was a combination of technology, influential people such as Kennedy and The Beatles, and the overwhelming mood of change that swept most of the Western world in the 1960s. But if one thing is true about fashion, it goes in cycles. So, it seems that hats may be ready for their big comeback.

     

    This article originally appeared two years ago. It has been updated.

  • She was fired for taking 10 minutes to reply to emails. Then she made sure they’d regret it.
    A frustrated employee is typing on her computerPhoto credit: Canva

    She had been on the job for four months when she was pulled without warning into a meeting with her manager, HR, and legal. Effective immediately, she was fired. The reason given: she took ten minutes to respond to emails.

    “That was a bullsh*t reason,” she wrote in a post to Reddit’s r/MaliciousCompliance that has since racked up more than 19,000 upvotes. “To be honest, I was furious.”

    The job itself had never been easy. She’d been hired as a speaker coordinator for a company that planned large conferences, and from the start, as she described it to Bored Panda, there was no onboarding, no training, and no clear point of contact. “I was simply given the log-in info for a couple of different websites and told to get to work.” She was the only person in the role. All the institutional knowledge about speakers, schedules, and upcoming events lived entirely with her.

    Audience listening to a speaker at a conference. Photo credit: Canva

    Her manager spoke limited English, which made communication difficult in ways that weren’t anyone’s fault but created real problems. When she once asked her manager for a call to clarify something, the response came back: “No cranne. Self skills is a must. I am bird without head.” It took her several days to piece together that her manager was trying to say she was overwhelmed and needed her employee to be more self-sufficient.

    She adapted, figured things out, and by her own account, kept the speakers happy. Then came the meeting, the firing, and the reason that didn’t add up. Ten minutes to reply to an email. No written warning. No verbal warning. Nothing.

    During the exit interview, HR asked her to hand over her files and walk them through where things stood with an upcoming event scheduled in 17 days. She reached into her bag and pulled out her copy of the NDA she’d signed when she started.

    As she told it on Reddit, she pointed to a specific clause: as a former employer, they were now prohibited from receiving confidential information about the position under the terms of the very agreement they’d had her sign. “As per my NDA, I am not to discuss intimate details or share documents relating to this position with any employer, past or future. Since this firing was effective immediately, you are now a former employer and I am bound by my NDA.”

    A non-disclosure agreement (NDA). Photo credit: Canva

    HR pushed back. She held firm. Legal was brought in. Legal read the clause and confirmed she was correct.

    The event, by her account, was a disaster. More than half the speakers pulled out once communication broke down. Her former manager nearly lost her job over it. The employee, for her part, closed her Reddit post with the mocking subject line that had gotten her fired in the first place: “All because I ~tAKe ToO lONg tO ResPoND tO EMaILS~”

    The story resonated because it captures something many workers recognize: the particular frustration of being let go without cause, without warning, and without recourse, and the rare satisfaction of finding that the company had, in this case, handed her exactly the recourse she needed. Save your contracts. Read the fine print. Sometimes the NDA works both ways.

    This article originally appeared earlier this year.

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