upworthy

Innovation

Science

Middle-schooler accidentally finds groundbreaking new anti-cancer compound in goose poop

Whoops! Now she's a published scientist.

Photo by Gary Bendig on Unsplash

Antibiotics are amazing, and one of our best tools for fighting infections and disease. They're literal lifesavers. Unfortunately, more and more bacteria have developed drug-resistance, which means scientists continue to relentlessly hunt for new antibiotics that might show promise for human applications.

Camarria Williams, a middle-schooler from Chicago, thought she was taking part in a program to help researchers identify new antibiotics — and she was. But she may have incidentally stumbled upon a much, much larger discovery.

Through a partnership between the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Boys and Girls Club, middle-school kids went out into their community to collect environmental samples. They grabbed everything from water, insects, flowers, and even bits of debris. The samples were brought to a team of researchers and grad students who helped the kids analyze their samples for potential antibiotic activity. The goal was to, quite literally, grow potential new antibiotics from natural samples.

Camarria took a... let's call it, unique approach. She chose to bring in a sample of goose poop found near a pond in Chicago's Garfield Park.


two gray-white-and-green geese on body of water at daytime Photo by Josiah Weiss on Unsplash

Not only did Camarri's stinky sample show antibiotic activity, it also produced an interesting byproduct (and no, not gas). A compound the researchers had never seen before was identified — a huge discovery!

Researchers showed in a lab setting that the new compound found in the goose feces was able to inhibit growth of human cancer cells.

The compound (named orfamide N.) was immediately put to the test, as the researchers knew other, similar compounds (orfamides) had been shown to have cytotoxic effects. Orfamides are used in things like insecticides, antifungals, and more.

Orfamie N. proved capable of slowing growth in human melanoma and ovarian cancer cells, in the laboratory setting.

The findings — a novel compound AND a promising cancer treatment — were substantial enough to be published in the journal ACS Omega. Williams, a kid, was even listed as one of the study's co-authors. What an achievement.

One minute, she's doing a science experiment with the Boys and Girls Club, the next, she's a published researcher!

Obviously, this is far from a "cure" for cancer. Much, much, much more research is needed. But orfamide N. is definitely promising and exciting.


a yellow substance with red dots in it Photo by CDC on Unsplash

The fight against cancer requires brutally slow progress over many years, but we are making strides. An experimental new drug recently cured a 13-year-old boy of brain cancer, which was a miraculous milestone. Scientists are looking in all kinds of interesting places to find promising treatments — they've tried bubbles that attack tumors, shark and cow cartilage, urine therapy...

... and now, goose poop can be added to the list.

Camarria's fascinating story may not go on to cure cancer, but it is evidence of a radical new approach to scientific research. Community-based outreach, getting regular people involved — and young people, in particular — is already yielding huge dividends.

If we want to find new antibiotics (which are extremely rare, and most of which won't ever make it to human trials), new cancer treatments, and other new lifesaving discoveries, who better to put on the case than kids? They're curious, resilient, and always manage to think up unique ideas that adults could never dream of.

Goose poop? Really? Only a middle-schooler would think of that, and thank goodness she did.

From Your Site Articles
kids
Innovation

A student accidentally created a rechargeable battery that could last 400 years

"This thing has been cycling 10,000 cycles and it’s still going." ⚡️⚡️

Steve Zylius/University of California, Irvine.

There's an old saying that luck happens when preparation meets opportunity.

There's no better example of that than a 2016 discovery at the University of California, Irvine, by doctoral student Mya Le Thai. After playing around in the lab, she made a discovery that could lead to a rechargeable battery that could last up to 400 years. That means longer-lasting laptops and smartphones and fewer lithium ion batteries piling up in landfills.

A team of researchers at UCI had been experimenting with nanowires for potential use in batteries, but found that over time the thin, fragile wires would break down and crack after too many charging cycles. A charge cycle is when a battery goes from completely full to completely empty and back to full again.

But one day, on a whim, Thai coated a set of gold nanowires in manganese dioxide and a Plexiglas-like electrolyte gel.

"She started to cycle these gel capacitors, and that's when we got the surprise," said Reginald Penner, chair of the university's chemistry department. "She said, 'this thing has been cycling 10,000 cycles and it's still going.' She came back a few days later and said 'it's been cycling for 30,000 cycles.' That kept going on for a month."

This discovery is mind-blowing because the average laptop battery lasts 300 to 500 charge cycles. The nanobattery developed at UCI made it though 200,000 cycles in three months. That would extend the life of the average laptop battery by about 400 years. The rest of the device would have probably gone kaput decades before the battery, but the implications for a battery that that lasts hundreds of years are pretty startling.

Batteries being recycled at WRWA, London. Nov ‘21Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash

"The big picture is that there may be a very simple way to stabilize nanowires of the type that we studied," Penner said. "If this turns out to be generally true, it would be a great advance for the community." Not bad for just fooling around in the laboratory.


This article originally appeared two years ago.

From Your Site Articles
Innovation

Physicist demonstrates how to break a ruler with a newspaper and it's utterly delightful

Her enthusiasm is everything.

Photo by Roman Kraft on Unsplash

A simple sheet of newspaper can produce an enormous amount of force.

Have you ever had a teacher whose enthusiasm for their subject piqued your interest more than the subject itself? I had a biology professor in college who would talk in a low almost-whisper most of the time, but when she got excited about mitochondria or cellular respiration or the stages of mitosis, her voice would rise into a loud, high-pitched shriek. While her exuberance didn't make me fall in love with cellular biology, it did capture my attention and provide some chuckle-worthy entertainment while I was learning.

For people who don't have a natural inclination toward certain subjects, a passionate teacher can make all the difference. That's one reason a video of Texas A&M University (TAMU) physicist Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova explaining how atmospheric pressure works is so delightful.

Dr. Erukhimova has been teaching at TAMU for more than 20 years and is the co-author of an undergraduate textbook, "Atmospheric Thermodynamics: Elementary Physics and Chemistry." She is an award-winning educator, and when you see her physics demonstrations shared on TAMU Physics & Astronomy's YouTube channel, it's not hard to see why.

When most of us think of atmospheric pressure, we think about the weather. But Erukhimova demonstrates how atmospheric pressure can give a newspaper the power to break a ruler. (Sort of—the person actually breaks the ruler, but the newspaper is the key to enabling it to happen.) This demonstration would be cool on its own, but Erukhimova's energy is what truly makes the lesson.

Watch and enjoy:

(I may or may not be adding "Did I impress you? NO!" to my regular sayings.)

"Dr. Tatiana" has many similar videos, all of which have the same passion and enthusiasm. Watch her delight in making balloons shrink in liquid nitrogen and then come back to life.

And watch how she describes the "confidence and courage" you need to do a tablecloth inertia demonstration:

So much fun. Three cheers for teachers who make learning fun simply by enthusiastically sharing their wonder at how things work.

And if you want to see more from Dr. Erukhimova, check out her TEDx talk on Physics as a Street Art:

This article originally appeared two years ago.

From Your Site Articles
physics
Science

Steve Jobs swore by this easy trick to boost his creativity and solve just about any problem

It's backed by science.

via Matthew Yohe/Wikimedia Commons

Steve Jobs in 2010

Do you ever get stuck on a problem while sitting at your desk and can’t find a solution? You wrack your brain, but you only seem to get more frustrated instead of closer to solving the issue. Steve Jobs had a way of finding inspiration when he felt his thoughts were stuck in the mud. He got up and took a walk.

Jobs was the visionary co-founder of Apple whose creativity, innovation and passion changed how people live and connect.

How did Steve Jobs solve problems?

According to Inc., Jobs' biographer Walter Isaacson said, “Taking a long walk was his preferred way to have a serious conversation.” “So much of our time together was spent quietly walking,” recalled legendary designer Jony Ives. Jobs did a lot of his creative thinking while walking. He often strolled around Apple’s Cupertino, California neighborhood, often holding meetings with people as they walked.

You don’t have to go this far, but Jobs often liked taking these walks barefoot.


Why is talking a walk good for creativity?

Science supports the idea that walking can boost one's problem-solving abilities. A report from Stanford found that walking can raise one's creative output by as much as 60%. “Many people anecdotally claim they do their best thinking when walking. We finally may be taking a step, or two, toward discovering why,” Oppezzo and Schwartz wrote in the study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition.

The researchers gave 3 reasons why they think walking is so great for creativity:

1. Mindfulness: Walking in a natural setting can reduce mental clutter and enhance focus, allowing one to see the problem with fewer mental distractions.

2. Associative thinking: The rhythmic movement of walking could stimulate the brain’s associative networks, making connecting ideas easier.

3. Freedom and exploration: Getting up and moving about may inspire a greater sense of freedom and exploration, opening you up to fresh ideas.

Another reason taking a walk is helpful to come up with fresh ideas is that breakthrough ideas often happen when the brain switches from the executive network to its default network. The executive part of the brain is goal-focused and task-oriented, but the default network is where we brainstorm. According to “In The Net and the Butterfly: The Art and Practice of Breakthrough Thinking,” authors Olivia Fox Cabana and Judah Pollack believe that when you’re on a walk, you have the best chance of both modes cooperating. "If we had to choose one single mindless activity for you to do, it would be walking," Cabana and Pollack conclude.

How do you get creative on a walk?

Writing tutor Sarah Salway says that if you want to walk to solve a problem, it’s best to have a clear idea of what you’re trying to solve.

“You might want to formulate a question before you start walking. As you walk with your question in mind, where your attention falls may guide you to an answer. It can be a good exercise to do with a friend. When I’ve done this, it’s astonishing how we notice completely different things and how each of us answers our own questions,” Salway writes in Psychology Today.

Next time you get stuck on something, staring at your computer screen or a blank paper sheet won’t do you much good. Get out and take a walk, preferably with a friend or colleague, to bounce ideas off of. And, if you want to walk in Jobs’ shoes, take off yours and feel the ground beneath your feet as your mind reaches for the sky.

From Your Site Articles
creativity
Trending Stories