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10 awkward friendships you probably have—we all have a #9.

Not all friendships are meant to last forever.

Comic with stick figures
via Wait But Why and used with permission

The ten types of friends

When you're a kid, or in high school or college, you usually don't have to work too hard on your friendships. Friends just kind of happen.

For a bunch of years, you're in a certain life your parents chose for you, and so are other people, and none of you have that much on your plates, so friendships inevitably form. Then in college, you're in the perfect friend-making environment, one that hits all three ingredients sociologists consider necessary for close friendships to develop: “proximity; repeated, unplanned interactions; and a setting that encourages people to let their guard down and confide in each other." More friendships happen.

Maybe they're the right friends, maybe they're not really. But you don't put that much thought into any of it — you're still more of a passive observer.

But once student life ends, the people in your life start to shake themselves into more distinct tiers.

It looks something like this mountain:

Infographic of a mountain

Visual interpretation of where friends fall on the mountain of “You."

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

At the top of your life mountain, in the green zone, you have your Tier 1 friends—the people who feel like brothers and sisters.

These are the people closest to you, the ones you call first when something important happens, the ones you love even when they suck, who make speeches at your wedding, whose best and worst sides you know through and through, and whose relationship with you is eternal; even if you go months or years without hanging out, nothing has changed when you find yourself together again.

Unfortunately, depending on how things went down in your youth, Tier 1 can also contain your worst enemies, the people who can ruin your day with one subtle jab that only they could word so brilliantly hurtfully, the people you feel a burning resentment for, or jealousy of, or competition with. Tier 1 is high stakes.

Below, in the yellow zone, are your Tier 2 friends: your Pretty Good friends.

Pretty Good friends are a much calmer situation than your brothers and sisters on Tier 1. You might be invited to their wedding, but you won't have any responsibilities once you're there. If you live in the same city, you might see them every month or two for dinner and have a great time when you do, but if one of you moves, you might not speak for the next year or two. And if something huge happens in their life, there's a good chance you'll hear it first from someone else.

Toward the bottom of the mountain in the orange zone, you have your Tier 3 friends: your Not Really friends.

You might grab a one-on-one drink with one of them when you move to their city, but then it surprises neither of you when five years pass and drink #2 is still yet to happen. Your relationship tends to exist mostly as part of a bigger group or through the occasional Facebook Like, and it doesn't even really stress you out when you hear that one of them made $5 million last year. You may also try to sleep with one of these people at any given time.

The lowest part of Tier 3 begins to blend indistinguishably into your large group of acquaintances (the pink zone): those people you'd stop and talk to if you saw them on the street or would maybe email for professional purposes but whom you'd never hang out with one-on-one. When you hear that something bad happens to one of these people, you might be sad but not too affected.

Finally, acquaintances gradually blend into the endless world of strangers.

And depending on who you are and how things shook out in those first 25 years, the way your particular mountain looks will vary.

For example, there's Walled-Off Wally:

Comic of a lone person on top of a mountain

Some people keep a barrier up between acquaintances.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

And Phony Phoebe, who tries to be everyone's best friend and ends up with a lot of people mad at her:

Comic of a mountain with a lot of people at the top

The life of the party.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

Even Unabomber Ulysses has a mountain:

Comic of a mostly empty mountain with one person at the top

Hermits exist.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

Whatever your particular mountain looks like, eventually the blur of your youth is behind you, the dust has settled, and there you are living your life.

Then one day, usually around your mid or late 20s, it hits you: It's not that easy to make friends anymore.

Sure, you'll make new friends in the future—at work, through your spouse, through your kids—but you won't get to that Tier 1 brothers level, or even to Tier 2, with very many of them because people who meet as adults don't tend to get through the 100+ long, lazy hangouts needed to reach a bond of that strength. As time goes on, you start to realize that the 20-year frenzy of not-especially-thought-through haphazard friend-making you just did was the critical process of you making most of your lifelong friends.

And since you matched up with most of them A) by circumstance, and B) before you really knew yourself yet, the result is that your Tier 1 and Tier 2 friends—those closest to you—fall in a very scattered way on what I'll call the Does This Friendship Make Sense? Graph:

Graph

The friendship graph.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

So, who are all those close friends in the three non-ideal quadrants?

As time goes on, most of us tend to have fewer friends in Quadrants 2 through 4 because A) people mature, and B) people have more self-respect and higher standards for what they'll deal with as they get older. But the fact is, friendships made in the formative years often stick, whether they're ideal or not, leaving most of us with a portion of our Tier 1 and Tier 2 friendships that just don't make that much sense. We'll get to the great, Quadrant 1 friendships later in the post, but in order to treat those relationships properly, we need to take a thorough look at the odd ones first.

Here are 10 common ones:

1. The non-question-asking friend

Comic of two people at dinner

Odd moments that happen between friends.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

You'll be having a good day. You'll be having a bad day. You'll be happy at work. You'll quit your job. You'll fall in love. You'll catch your new love cheating on you and murder them both in an act of incredible passion. And it doesn't matter, because none of it will be discussed with The Non-Question-Asking Friend, who never, ever, ever asks you anything about your life. This friend can be explained in one of three ways:

  1. He's extremely self-absorbed and only wants to talk about himself.
  2. He avoids getting close to people and doesn't want to talk about either you or himself or anything personal, just third-party topics.
  3. He thinks you're insufferably self-absorbed and knows if he asks you about your life, you'll talk his ear off about it.

Giving you the benefit of the doubt here, we're left with two possibilities. Possibility #1 isn't fun at all and this person should not be allowed space on Tier 1. The green part of the mountain is sacred territory, and super self-absorbed people shouldn't be permitted to set foot up there. Put him on Tier 2 and just be happy you're not dating him.

Possibility #2 is a pretty dark situation for your friend, but it can actually be fun for you. I have a friend who I've hung out with one-on-one about four times in the last year, and he has no idea Wait But Why exists. I've known him for 14 years and I'm not sure he knows if I have siblings or not. But I actually enjoy the shit out of this friend—sure, there's a limit on how close we'll ever be, but without ever spending time talking about our lives, we actually end up in a lot of fun, interesting conversations.

2. The friend in the group you can't be alone with under any circumstances

Comic of three stick people having a conversation

Why have relationships when there is a phone around?

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

In almost every group of friends, there's one pair who can't ever be alone together. It's not that they dislike each other—they might get along great—it's just that they have no individual friendship with each other whatsoever. This leaves both of them petrified of the lumbering elephant that appears in the room anytime they're alone together. They're way too on top of shit to ever end up in the car alone together if a group is going somewhere in multiple cars, but there are smaller dangers afoot—like being the first two to arrive at a restaurant or being in a group of three when the third member goes to the bathroom.

The thing is, sometimes it's not even that these people couldn't have an individual friendship—it's just that they don't, and neither one has the guts to try to make that leap when things have gone on for so long as is.

3. The non-character-breaking friend you have to be “on" with

Comic of stick people laughing together

Controlled intimacy and distancing through language.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

This is a friend who's terrified of having an earnest interaction, and as such, your friendship with him is always in some kind of skityou always have to be on when you're interacting.

Sometimes the skit is that you both burst out laughing at everything constantly. He can only exist with you in “This is so fucking hilarious, it's too much!" mode, so you have to be in some kind of joke-telling or sarcastic mode yourself at all times or he'll become socially horrified.

Another version of this is the “always and only ironic" friend, who you really bum out if you ever break that social shell and say something earnest. This type of person hates earnest people because someone being earnest dares him to come out from under his ironic safety blanket and let the sun touch his face, and no fucking thanks.

A third example is the “You're great, I'm great, ugh why is everyone else so terrible and not great like us" friend. Of course, she doesn't really think you're perfectly great at all—if she were with someone else, you'd be one of the voodoo dolls on the table to be dissected and scoffed at. The key here is that the two of you must be on a team at all times while interacting. The only comfortable mode for this person is bonding with you by building a little pedestal for you both to stand on while you criticize everyone else. You can either play along and everything will go smoothly, even though you'll both despise yourselves and each other the whole time, or you can commit the ultimate sin and have the integrity to disagree with the friend or defend a non-present party the friend criticizes. Doing this will shatter the fragile team vibe and make the friend recoil and say something quietly like, “Hm ... yeah ... I guess." The friend now respects you for the first time and will also criticize you extra hard next time she's playing her pedestal game with a different friend.

What these all have in common is the friend has tall walls up, at least toward you, and so she builds a little skit for you two to hang out in to make sure any authentic connection can be avoided. Sometimes that person only does this out of her own social anxiety and can become a great, authentic friend if you can just stomp through the ice. Other times, the person is just hopelessly scared and closed off and there's no hope and you have to get out.

In any case, I can't stand these interactions and am in a full panic the entire time they're happening.

4. The double-obligated friendship

Comic of two men chatting a table with balls and chains around their legs

I think we need a bigger table.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

Think of a friend you get together with from time to time, which usually happens after a long and lackluster email or text exchange during which you just can't find a time that works for both of you — and you're never really happy when these plans are being made and not really psyched when you wake up and it's finally on your schedule for that day.

Maybe you're aware that you don't want to be friends with that person, or maybe you're delusional about it — but what you're most likely not aware of is that they probably don't want to see you either.

There are lopsided situations where one person is far more interested in hanging out than the other (we'll get to those later), but in the case we're talking about here, both parties often think it's a lopsided situation without realizing that the other person actually feels the same way — that's why it takes so long to schedule a time. When someone's excited about something, they figure out how to get it into their schedule; when they're not, they figure out ways to push it farther into the future.

Sometimes you don't think hard enough about it to even realize you don't like being friends with the person, and other times you really like the idea or the aesthetic of being friends with that particular person — being friends with them is part of your Story. But even in cases where you're perfectly lucid about your feelings, since neither of you knows the other feels the same way and neither has the guts to just cut things off or move it down a tier, this friendship usually just continues along for eternity.

5. The half-marriage

Two stick people each holding a half of a heart

An ego boost through controlling the relationship.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

Somewhere in your life, you're probably part of a friendship that would be a marriage if only the other person weren't very, very, extremely not interested in that happening. 1 for 2 on yes votes — just one vote away — so close.

You might be on either side of this — and either way, it's one of the least healthy parts of your life. Fun!

If you're on the if only side of things, probably the right move is to get your fucking shit together? Ya know? This friendship is one long, continuous rejection of you as a human being, and you're just wallowing there in your yearning like a sobbing little seal. Plus, duh, if you gather your self-respect and move on with your life, it'll raise their perception of your value and they might actually become interested in you.

If you're on the Oh yeah, definitely not side of the situation, here's what's happening: There's this suffering human in the world, and you know they're suffering, and you fucking love it, because it gives your little ego a succulent sponge bath every time you hang out with them. You enjoy it so much you probably even lead them on intentionally, don't you — you make sure to keep just enough ambiguity in the situation that their bleeding heart continues to lather your ego from head to toe at your whim.

Both of you — go do something else.

6. The historical friend

Stick person in historical garb beside a regular stick person

We met in kindergarten.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

A Historical Friend is someone you became friends with in the first place because you met when you were little and stayed friends through the years, even though you're a very weird match. Most old friends fall somewhat into this category, but a true Historical Friend is someone you absolutely would not be friends with if you met them today.

You're not especially pleased with who they are, and they feel the same way about you. You're not each other's type one bit. Unfortunately, you're also extremely close friends from when you were four, and you're both just a part of each other's situation forever, sorry.

7. The non-parallel life paths friendship

Two stick people on opposite paths

Looking for love in all the wrong places.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

Throughout childhood and much of young adulthood, most people your age are in the same life stage as you are. But when it comes to advancing into full adulthood, people do so at widely varying paces, which leads to certain friends suddenly having totally different existences from one another.

Anyone within three years of 30 has a bunch of these going on. It's just a weird time for everyone. Some people have become Future 52-year-olds, while others are super into being Previous 21-year-olds. At some point, things will start to meld together again, but being 30-ish is the friendship equivalent of a kid going through an awkward pubescent stage.

There are darker, more permanent Non-Parallel Life Path situations. Like when Person A starts to become a person who rejects material wealth, partially because she genuinely feels that pursuing an artistic path matters more and partially because she needs a defense mechanism against feeling envious of richer people, and Person B's path makes her scoff at people who pursue creative paths, partially because she genuinely thinks expressing yourself is an inherently narcissistic venture and partially because she needs a defense mechanism against feeling regretful that she never pursued her creative dreams — these two will have problems.

They may still like each other, but they can't be as close as they used to be — each of their lives is a bit of a middle finger at the other's choices, and that's jst awkward for everyone. It's not always that bad — but to survive an Off-Line Life Situation, friends need to be really different people who don't at all want the same things out of life.

8. The frenemy

One stick person offers another stick person poison pretending it's safe

This is awful. Taste it.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

The Frenemy roots very hard against you. And I'm not talking about the friends that will feel a little twinge of pleasure when they hear your big break didn't pan out after all or that your relationship is in bad shape. I'm not even talking about someone who secretly roots against you when they're not doing so well at some area of life and it hurts them to see you do better. Those are bad emotions, but they can exist in people who are still good friends.

I'm talking about a real Frenemy — someone who really wants bad things for you. Because you're you.

You and the Frenemy usually go way back, have a very deep friendship, and the trouble probably started a long time ago. There's a lot of complex psychology going on in these situations that I don't fully understand, but my hunch is that a Frenemy's resentment is rooted in his own pain, or his own shortcomings, or his own regret — and for some reason, your existence stings them in these places hard.

A little less dark but no less harmful is a bully situation where a friend sees some weakness or vulnerability in you and she enjoys prodding you there either for sadistic reasons or to prop herself up.

A Frenemy knows how to hurt you better than anyone because you're deeply similar in some way and she knows how you're wired. She'll do whatever she can to bring you down any chance she gets, often in such a subtle way it's hard to see that it's happening.

Whatever the reason, if you have a Frenemy in your life, kick her toxic ass off your mountain, or at least kick her down the mountain — just get her off of Tier 1. A Frenemy has about a 10th of the power to hurt you from Tier 2 as she does from Tier 1.

9. The Facebook celebrity friend

Comic of a computer with photo grid

What’s happening on social media?

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

This person isn't a celebrity to anyone other than you, you creep. You know exactly who I'm talking about — there are a small handful of people whose Facebook page you're uncomfortably well-acquainted with, and those people have no idea that this is happening. On the plus side, there are people out there you haven't spoken to in seven years who know all about the new thing you're trying with your hair, since it goes both ways.

This is a rare Tier 3 friend, or even an acquaintance, who qualifies as an odd friendship because you found a way to make it unhealthy even though you're not actually friends. Well done.

10. The lopsided friendship

Two stick women discussing dinner

Can I make all the decisions... that was rhetorical.

via Wait But Why post and used with permission.

There are a lot of ways a friendship can be lopsided: Someone can be higher on their friend's mountain than vice versa. Someone can want to spend more time with a friend than vice versa. One member can consistently do 90% of the listening and only 10% of the talking, and in situations where most of the talking is about life problems, what's happening is a one-sided therapy situation, with a badly off-balance give-and-take ratio, and that's not much of a friendship—it's someone using someone else.

And then there's the lopsided power friendship. Of course, this is a hideous quality in many not-great couples, but it's also a prominent feature of plenty of friendships.

A near 50/50 friendship is ideal, but anything out to 65/35 is fine and can often be attributed to two different styles of personality. It's when the number gap gets even wider that something less healthy is going on—something that doesn't reflect very well on either party.

There are some obvious ways to assess the nature of a friendship's power dynamic: Does one person cut in and interrupt the other person while they're talking far more than the other way around? Is one person's opinion or preference just kind of understood to carry more weight than the other's? Is one person allowed to be more of a dick to the other than vice versa?

Another interesting litmus test is what I call the “mood determiner test." This comes into play when two friends get together but they're in very different moods — the idea is, whose mood “wins" and determines the mood of the hangout. If Person A is in a bad mood, Person B is in a good mood, and Person B reacts by being timid and respectful of Person A's mood, leaving the vibe down there until Person A snaps out of it on her own — but when the moods are reversed, Person B quickly disregards her own bad mood and acts more cheerful to match Person A's happy mood — and this is how it always goes — then Person A is in a serious power position.

But hey, not all friendships are grim.

In the Does This Friendship Make Sense graph above, the friendships we just discussed are all in Quadrants 2, 3, or 4 — i.e., they're all a bit unenjoyable, unhealthy, or both. That's why this has been depressing. On the bright side, there's also Quadrant 1—all the friendships that do make sense.

No friendship is perfect, but those in Quadrant 1 are doing what friendships are supposed to do: They're making the lives of both parties better. And when a friendship is both in Quadrant 1 of the graph and on Tier 1 of your mountain, that friendship is a rock in your life.

Rock friendships don't just make us happy — they're the thing (along with rock family and romantic relationships) that makes us happy.

Investing serious time and energy into those is a no-brainer long-term life strategy. But in the case of most people over 25—at least in New York— I think A) not enough time is carved out as dedicated friend time, and B) the time that is carved out is spread too thin, and too evenly, among the Tier 1 and Tier 2 friendships in all four quadrants. I'm definitely guilty of this myself.

There's something I call the Perpetual Catch-Up Trap. When you haven't seen a good friend in a long time, the first order of business is a big catch-up — you want to know what's going on in their career, with their girlfriend, with their family, etc., and they want to catch up on your life. In theory, once this happens, you can go back to just hanging out, shooting the shit, and actually being in the friendship. The problem is, when you don't make enough time for good friends, seeing them only for a meal and not that often — you end up spending each get-together catching up, and you never actually get to just enjoy the friendship or get far past the surface. That's the Perpetual Catch-Up Trap, and I find myself falling into it with way too many of the rocks in my life.

There are two orders of business right now:

First, think about your friendships, figure out which ones aren't in Quadrant 1, and demote them down the mountain. I'm not suggesting you stop being friends with those people—you still love them and feel loyal to them, and old friends are critical to hold onto—but if the friendships aren't that healthy or enjoyable, they don't really deserve to be in your Tier 1, and you probably shouldn't be in theirs. Most importantly, doing this clears up time to...

Second, dedicate even more time to the Quadrant 1, Tier 1 rocks in your life. If you're in your mid-20s or older, your current rocks are probably the only ones you'll ever have. Your rock friendships don't warrant two times the time you give to your other friends—they warrant five or 10 times!

Your rocks deserve serious, dedicated time so you can stay close. So go make plans with them.


This article was written by Tim Urban and originally published on Wait But Why. It originally appeared here nine years ago.

dance, motherhood, mommy daughter dance, mother daughter relationship, parenting, wholesome
Umi4ika/Youtube

Svetlana Putintseva with her daughter Masha.

In 2005 at only 18 years old, Russian rhythmic gymnast Svetlana Putintseva became a world champion, after which she retired and eventually became a mom. Then, in 2011, Putintseva came out of retirement for one special Gala performance.

Little did anyone know that her then two-year-old daughter named Masha would be the key to making that performance so special.


As the story goes, the young child refused to leave her side that night. But rather than stopping the performance, Putintseva did what so many incredible moms do: she masterfully held space for two different identities.

As we see in the video below, Putintseva simply brought Masha onto the dance floor and incorporated her into the routine—holding and comforting her at times, performing impressive moves while she ran around at others…letting it all become a lively, endearing interaction rather than a rote routine. It became something really touching:

Watch:

Now, a bit of fact-checking as this video has once again started going viral. Despite what many captions say, Putintseva‘s daughter was likely always a planned part of the performance (the tiny leotard is a bit of a giveaway). But that doesn’t really take away from the message behind it: motherhood weaves another soul into one's identity, forever. And one of the biggest lessons it teaches is how to hold someone else steady, all while becoming ourselves.

Every day, moms are engaging in a similar type of “dance”: navigating through the world while guiding and nurturing their little ones. It probably doesn't always feel quite as graceful as what Putintseva put out, and, yet, it is just as beautiful.

dance, motherhood, mommy daughter dance, mother daughter relationship, parenting, wholesome A mother hugging her daughter.Photo credit: Canva

Maybe so many thought it was an improvised moment because improvising is a very real parent superpower. That’s certainly the takeaway we get from some of these lovely comments:

“You cannot control life but you can learn to dance with it. 🤍”

"This is beyond beautiful. 🥲"

“If this isn't a metaphor for motherhood. We improvise so much.”

“A mother’s unconditional love 🥹❤️ She just made my whole month.”

“I do this sometimes while deejaying. My daughter comes up so I hit the slicer and let her chop it up. A few chops and she is happy and goes about her business. 🥰”

“I can see my daughter doing this to me soon whenever I get up on stage on perform. She already stares long and hard at me whenever I am onnstage singing. She doesn't take her eyes off me. Sure she would be running up to stand with me when she starts walking 😂😂 i look forward to it tho”

“Sobbing 😭😭😭😭 As a dancer who hasn’t performed since having a kid, this inspires me in so many ways 🥹🥹 So beautiful and it’s clear that she admires her mom so much 🥰”

- YouTube www.youtube.com

Though not much is written on Putintseva following this performance, one blog post says that Masha has followed in her footsteps by getting into rhythmic gymnastics. Maybe it all started with this one performance. ❤️

scottish, mexican, scottish accent, spanish, bilingual

Yanett Steven grew up in Scotland in a bilingual family.

People who grow up in bilingual households have a distinct leg up on second-language fluency. When you grow up hearing native speakers speaking their languages, you pick them up naturally, and it's not unusual to hear a child in a bilingual family switching back and forth between languages.

What is unusual, however, is hearing an adult Scottish-Mexican woman doing that switch-up mid-conversation. Yanett Steven effortlessly flips from her dad's thick Scottish accent to her mom's native Spanish (with a Mexican accent), and it is fascinating to listen to. Steven shares that her mom didn't speak any English when she was little, so she learned Spanish from her mom, but she has the accent that one would expect from someone growing up in Glasgow.


@yanettsteven

As a Scottish Mexican I always feel so at home in Texas 🥰 #mexicanscottish #britishlatino #mexicanamerican #scottishlatino #scottishmexican

The Brave meets Coco combo feels super unusual, and people in the comments had some things to say:

"What just happened to me?"

"The switching back-and-forth between Scottish and Mexican accents is like scratching some weird itch in my brain"

"First time I've ever heard scanglish."

"Also 'cute wee summer dress, en CHANCLAS' was a wild ride I never imagined this blend of accents it’s lovely I’m so curious."

"I’m like blown away right now. How is the Scottish accent and the Spanish accent blending so smoothly???"

"I want 3000 hours of people speaking 'Spanglish' in a Scottish accent. This is actually the only way I want to hear anyone speak ever again. Also hi, I live in Texas and love visiting Scotland."

"This is tripping me out 😂 my mom is Scottish (my parents & brother live in Scotland) and my husband is from South Texas and is Mexican… it's like my two worlds have combined in one video 😵💫"

Steven shares a lot about her cultural and linguistic background that offers some cool insights into living in a multicultural family. Even just hearing her talk about her mom speaking Scottish English with a thick Mexican accent is a wild ride.

@yanettsteven

Replying to @Xzeken Maybe I’ll post her speaking English but I bet you’ve never heard a Mexican woman sound so Mexican but so Scottish at the same time 😅 #mexicanscottish #britishlatino #mexicanamerican #scottishlatino #mexicanbritish and

Steven shares that the two languages bring out different parts of her personality. "I feel like when I speak Spanish, I'm a bit more happy and fun. I smile more," she said (in Spanish) in another video. "And I feel like in Scottish, I'm a little bit more timid, a bit more quiet, a bit more reserved into myself." She wondered if other people from bilingual families feel like they have different personalities when they speak different languages, or if people who learn languages later in life also feel that way.

@yanettsteven

Replying to @Jasmine Rivera Going to Texas and shocking people is my favourite past time lmao Does anyone else who’s bilingual feel this way or just me ?#mexicanscottish #britishlatino #mexicanamerican #people #scottishmexican

Other bilingual folks confirmed that they also feel a personality difference in different languages:

"Yes girl, both languages bring out a different side of you. I think it’s because words in Mexican Spanish are meant to be loud and with attitude and humor And English words are so much more subtle or quiet, if that makes sense lol."

"I'm German/Scottish I totally get what you mean 😂"

"Yes!! Totally get this!! I feel like completely different people 😂"

"Omg. I'm bilingual and I feel like this!!! Was just trying to explain this to a friend yesterday! I think it’s bc Spanish feels like being at home. 💛"

"When I get in my feels, my husband says, 'Your Latina is coming out.' I definitely feel more passionate 'in Spanish.' 😂"

"Si. Es porque el español tiene el “sazon/chispa” that english doesnt have."

"Yes ma’am when my Mexican side comes out I feel free, outgoing, funny."

Steven has also shared some other interesting insights into growing up bilingual. For instance, the Spanish she learned growing up, which is the Spanish spoken in Northern Mexico, was sometimes a problem when she started learning Spanish in school. Spain's Spanish is different than Mexican Spanish in some ways, so what she had learned growing up was deemed "wrong," even though it was just different from the Spanish taught in school. It's fascinating how the same language can be spoken so many different ways.

@yanettsteven

Replying to @Frank Rhodes I swear Spain Spanish was the biggest shock to my system when I was wee , and some Spanish teachers being rude but that’s another story 😭 #mexicanscottish #britishlatino #scottishlatino #mexicanamerican #mexicanbritish

You can follow Yanett Steven on TikTok for more.

Science

Her groundbreaking theory on the origin of life was rejected 15 times. Then biology proved her right.

Lynn Margulis had the audacity to challenge Darwin. And we're lucky she did.

lynn margulis, lynn margulis symbiosis, biology, scientific breakthroughs, darwin, darwinism, women in science
Facts That Will Blow Your Mind/Facebook

A photo of Lynn Margulis.

Throughout her prolific and distinguished career, biologist Lynn Margulis made several groundbreaking contributions to science that we take for granted as common knowledge today. For example, she championed James E. Lovelock’s “Gaia concept,” which posited that the Earth self-regulates to maintain conditions for life.

But by far, her most notable theory was symbiogenesis. While it was first written off as “strange” and “aesthetically pleasing” but “not compelling,” it would ultimately prevail, and completely rewrite how we viewed the origin of life itself.


In the late 1960s, Margulis wrote a paper titled "On the Origin of Mitosing Cells," that was quite avant-garde. In it, she proposed a theory: that life evolved through organisms merging together to become inseparable.

In essence, cooperation is the driver of life, not competition and domination. This directly went against Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” principle that was considered gospel in scientific circles. Margulis’ paper was rejected by fifteen journals before getting accepted into the Journal of Theoretical Biology.

- YouTube www.youtube.com

Time would be on Margulis’ side, however. By the late ‘70s and early ‘80s, research proved that the two major building blocks of plants and animals, chloroplasts and mitochondria were at one time independent bacteria. This solidified the fact that on a biological level, connection trumps autonomy for longevity. And now that fact is written in textbooks, with no real story of the adversity it overcame to get there.

While it is customary for most new scientific theories to be met with criticism, especially those that completely shift the current narrative, many have noted that sexism played a key part in Margulis’ initial lack of acceptance. On more than one occasion, she herself had hinted that women were seen as mothers and wives first, and scientists second. She recalled that while married to fellow scientist Carl Sagan that “Carl would finish his sentence, unperturbed” while she was expected to “handle all the duties of a 1950s housewife, from washing dishes to paying the household bills.”

And yet, Margulis would have other ideas that were controversial that had nothing to do with her gender. Most famously, she did not believe that AIDS was caused by HIV, and instead believed it was cause by a syphilis-causing type of bacteria, despite there already being decades of research proving otherwise. That view was seen as an endorsement of AIDS denialism, which undermined prevention and treatment effort. Then later in life, Margulis became a vocal proponent of 9/11 conspiracy theories suggesting government involvement the in Twin Towers attacks.

And yet, perhaps this is one of those “you gotta take the good with the bad” situations. Margulis’ inherent contrarian nature gave us both these unfounded, even harmful stances, in addition to entirely new paradigms that altered our understanding of life itself.

And if nothing else, it illuminated the need for science to include multiple points of view in order to unlock the truth. It seems life is, after all, about coming together.

Shrinking Season 3, Harrison Ford, Michael J Fox, Michael J Fox Shrinking, Apple TV, Parkinson's, pop culture, Jason Segel
Apple Tv/ Youtube

Harrison Ford and Michael J Fox in the trailer for Shrinking Season 3

The Apple series Shrinking centers around actor Jason Segel, who plays a therapist juggling grief, fatherhood, and experimenting with unconventional therapy practices with his patients. It also stars Harrison Ford, who plays Segel’s mentor and boss and happens to be in the first chapters of living with Parkinson’s disease.

Actor Michael J. Fox, who notably has Parkinson's in real life, was so moved by Ford’s “human” and “accessible” portrayal of the condition that he called up Bill Lawrence, his former Spin City boss, who also co-created Shrinking.


And, as he shared in an interview with the LA Times, Fox didn’t mince words:

“Bill, why the f— am I not on the show?”

Truly, only Fox could deliver such a line in a way that immediately feels charming and friendly. Pretty soon, plans were set in motion to have Fox guest star, marking his first return to acting since 2020.

In the Season 3 premiere, which aired on January 28, Ford’s character comes in for a doctor’s visit. While waiting to be seen, he encounters a fellow patient with Parkinson’s, played by Fox. It’s clear that Fox’s character will serve as a mentor and friend throughout the season.

- YouTube www.youtube.com

As to be expected, the Back to the Future star does not fall short on comedic expectations. For instance, during the scene (which you can see in the video above), Fox asks Ford what he’s in for. Ford responds, “Parkinson’s. You?” Without missing a beat, Fox replies, “Just a haircut.”

He follows with the quip, "I fall three times a day. I'm thinking of taking up stunt work."

Castmates instantly knew that seeing two icons, Marty McFly and Indiana Jones, acting together for the first time was something special. As Shrinking co-star Michael Urie noted, “Everyone’s hearts grew” in anticipation and nostalgia once Fox showed up to set.

- YouTube www.youtube.com

But perhaps no one was more affected than Fox himself. Speaking with Vanity Fair, he shared, “I wasn’t prepared for how much of [Ford’s] own understanding of the disease he brought to it. I mean, I recognized Parkinson’s in his eyes. The things I was feeling, I recognized in the way he was expressing himself."

It was such a powerful performance that Fox told the outlet, "I was just brought to tears by it."

"I should say he’s an underrated actor because everybody knows how great he is, but the subtlety of his work—so brilliant and so fun to work with," Fox continued.

Ford’s sentiment, it seems, was the same. In the same interview, he called Fox “an extraordinarily powerful person."

New episodes of Shrinking drop Wednesdays on Apple TV.

woman, refrigerator, organizing, food, food waste

A few smart organizational changes can save you money and the planet.

We need to talk about that bag of spinach sitting in your crisper drawer. Don't be coy, you know the one. Wilting and softer than it should be, you bought it from Whole Foods with good intentions and dreams of super-powered green smoothies dancing in your head. Now, though, it's transforming. Go ahead, check. That bag of spinach is turning into a science experiment as you read this.

Too real? You're not alone. Most of us have felt that pang of guilt when tossing out a carton of rotten berries or a container of questionable leftovers. But that forgotten food adds up, and it's a problem. Recent data paints a harrowing picture of American eating habits: the average person wasted $762 worth of food in 2024.


That amount of money could buy you a brand-new 55-inch 4K TV. It could cover an inflatable hot tub with 140 air jets, and then some. Without all that waste, you could even afford a two-in-one game table that switches between air hockey and table tennis. It's a decent chunk of change.

The truth is, we don't throw food away simply because we're careless. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the real culprit is far more mundane: we literally forget what's in our fridge. However, a few smart changes to how you arrange your refrigerator can save hundreds of dollars while reducing unnecessary waste sent to landfills.

The hidden cost of our kitchen habits

The numbers reveal the scale of the problem. Research from Penn State University shows that the average household throws away about 31.9% of the groceries it buys. That's like walking out of the supermarket with three full bags, dropping one in the parking lot, and continuing on with your day. It sounds silly when you put it that way, but it's the reality in many homes across the country.

food, waste, america, issue, consumption All roads lead back to food waste. Photo credit: EPA

Financially, that's bad. Environmentally, it's even worse. In the United States, wasted food generates greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those produced by about 50 million gas-powered cars, roughly 6% of the nation's total emissions, according to the EPA. Those emissions come from the production, transportation, storage, and eventual disposal of food that never gets eaten. Once it ends up in landfills, that untouched food rots and releases large amounts of methane, the second most dangerous climate pollutant.

A 2021 report from the EPA titled "The Environmental Impacts of U.S. Food Waste" points out that uneaten food takes up a ton of space, roughly 140 million acres of agricultural land. That's an area the size of California and New York combined.

food, waste, america, issue, consumption Visual breakdown of the impact of U.S. food waste.Photo credit: EPA

And that doesn't even account for the immense water use, fertilizer, and energy required to produce food that ultimately rots in our refrigerators. And all this uneaten, spoiled food? It contains enough calories to feed more than 150 million people each year. Compare that to the roughly 18 million Americans who experience food insecurity, and your head begins to spin.

Why are we wasting so much food?

food, waste, america, sustainability, consumption Trash bags full of food waste. Photo credit: Canva

To fix the problem, we first need to understand why it happens. Food waste in America generally boils down to three main culprits:

  1. Unused ingredients: Ingredients are often purchased for specific recipes that require only a small portion, like a bunch of fresh dill or a large round of sourdough bread. The remaining bag or container is then forgotten, left to spoil before another use comes up.
  2. Storage struggles: Cluttered fridge shelves push ingredients and leftovers into the "graveyard" at the back. And you can't eat what you can't see.
  3. Label confusion: "Best by," "sell by," and "use by" dates aren't interchangeable and can lead consumers to throw away perfectly good food out of confusion or caution.

Ready to reclaim your kitchen? Here are 10 simple, actionable ways to organize your fridge and minimize waste.

10 easy tips for minimizing food waste

woman, refrigerator, organizing, food, food waste A woman standing in front of her refrigerator. Photo credit: Canva

1. Plan meals and shop your fridge first

Before heading to the grocery store, take inventory of what you already have. Inspiration might just strike. Is there a half-used jar of marinara sauce or a few carrots that need to be eaten soon?

Build your meal and shopping plan around what you already have. From there, it looks like you might even have the beginnings of a great batch of chili. This simple habit prevents duplicate purchases and helps ensure you see, and eat, perishable foods before they go bad.

chart, fridge, organization, safety, food A handy chart outlining the "hierarchy" of fridge organization.Photo credit: USDA

2. Store food in the right temperature zones

Your fridge is smarter than it looks. It has multiple temperature zones, and knowing how to use them can significantly extend the shelf life of your groceries.

  • The door: This is the warmest part of the fridge. Store condiments, jams, and juices here. Avoid keeping milk or eggs in this area, since the temperature changes every time the door swings open.
  • Top shelf: This area maintains a consistent temperature, making it an ideal spot for leftovers, drinks, and ready-to-eat items like hummus or deli meats.
  • Bottom shelf: This is the coldest spot in the fridge. Use it for raw meat and fish to ensure freshness and prevent cross-contamination with other foods.

3. Understand date labels

Confusion over date labels leads to a significant amount of unnecessary food waste. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), with the exception of infant formula, dates printed on food labels are meant to indicate best quality, not safety.

  • "Best if used by/before": Indicates when a product will be at its best flavor or quality. It is not a safety date.
  • "Sell by": A date intended for store inventory management. Food is usually safe to eat for several days after this date.
  • "Use by": The last date recommended for optimal quality.

When in doubt, trust your senses. If it looks fine and smells normal, it's likely safe to eat.

4. Master the FIFO method

Restaurants and grocery stores use the "First In, First Out" (FIFO) method to manage inventory, and it's a wonderful tool to use at home, too. When unpacking groceries, move older items to the front of the fridge or pantry and place newer ones behind them. This simple system encourages you to finish that open container of Greek yogurt before cracking into a new one.

5. Start an "Eat Me First" bin

Consider dedicating a shelf or crafting a bin for items that need to be used immediately. Printing or hand-drawing an "Eat Me First" label can also be a fun, creative exercise.

What goes in there? This is the perfect spot for a half-used block of cheese, last night's leftovers, or fruit that looks lonely. That way, when you're hunting for a quick snack or ingredients for dinner, you know exactly where to check first.

6. Make the most of your freezer

It's time to embrace your freezer, the miraculous upper unit that acts like a frosty "pause" button for food. Nearly everything can be frozen in batches, including:

  • Sliced bread
  • Avocados (mashed and placed in a small bag; add a spritz of lemon if you're fancy)
  • Cheese
  • Nuts
  • Milk (pour into measured containers; use later in soups, baking, and smoothies)
  • Fresh herbs, like sprigs of rosemary or thyme. (For tender herbs, such as parsley, cilantro, or dill, try placing them in an ice cube tray filled with water or broth to create pre-portioned seasoning cubes.)

Didn't finish that delicious pot of chili earlier? Freeze individual portions for easy lunches later. It's a simple way to reduce waste and save time on busy days.

refrigerator, organizing, food, food waste, sustainability Fridge temperatures must be carefully calibrated.Photo credit: Canva

7. Check the fridge temperature

A fridge that's too warm can become a breeding ground for bacteria, causing food to spoil more quickly. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends setting your refrigerator to 40°F (4°C) or below and your freezer to 0°F (−18°C). This is a quick way to ensure food safety is set up for success.

8. Compost scraps

Scraps are inevitable. No one expects you to eat a banana peel or freeze used coffee grounds. But instead of sending those scraps to the landfill, try composting. Many cities offer curbside pickup or provide green bins for compostable waste. Indoor compost bins are also convenient and easy to store, and many come with charcoal filters to help eliminate odors.

Composting is a beautiful way to turn leftovers into nutrient-rich soil for your garden or houseplants.

refrigerator, organizing, food, food waste, sustainability Knowing what's in your kitchen is crucial to preventing food waste.Photo credit: Canva

9. Keep a food inventory

Experiment with keeping a small whiteboard or notepad on your fridge. Putting away leftovers? Adding new produce to the mix? Jot it down. A simple visual reminder helps you remember what needs to be eaten without digging through your fridge. Plus, your next shopping list will be a breeze.

10. Embrace imperfect produce

At the grocery store, we're drawn to flawless produce, shiny red apples, unblemished lemons, beautiful leeks. But a common misconception is at play here. Slightly bruised fruit and oddly shaped vegetables taste just as good.

Companies like Misfits Market and Hungry Harvest rescue high-quality, perfectly delicious, and sometimes funny-looking foods that might otherwise go to waste and deliver them straight to your door. Think unconventionally sized tomatoes or zucchinis that are slightly off-color.

Or go straight to the source and buy produce and ingredients directly from local farms. LocalHarvest's national directory lists more than 40,000 family farms and markets in all 50 states, making it easy to find farm-fresh ingredients near you.

Every small change matters

Reducing food waste is a journey, not a quick fix. There is no one-time product to buy that can get rid of your impact on wasted food. But by building simple, sustainable habits that fit your lifestyle, your efforts can make a real difference, one weirdly shaped carrot and frozen loaf of bread at a time.

Being mindful of your consumption and waste is a win-win: you save money, protect the environment, and feel more organized and in control in the kitchen.