The meaning of the word happiness, feeling contentment or pleasure, remains the same for all. But the vessel that brings us that happiness comes in many forms and so very often is constructed by the culture/country/tribe in which we grew up.
Of course, there are many variables. But there are lots of specific cultural recipes for an overall happy life. How is it derived? What is the essential philosophy for getting there? Here are a handful of examples of how different cultures focus on achieving contentment.
UBUNTU (Africa)
The word Ubuntu, in many African languages, translates to “humanness” but it actually embodies so much more than that. Some poetically translate its concept to “I am because we are.” Meaning that a sense of community and help among others is how we are able to “be.” And being… is happiness.
Nelson Mandela spoke of this word eloquently. And while he explains the communal respect aspect of it, he notes, “Ubuntu does not mean that people should not address themselves. The question, therefore, is are you going to do so in order to enable the community around you to be able to improve? These are the important things in life and if one can do that, you have done something very important which will be appreciated.”
HYGGE (Denmark)
Many Danes derive happiness from the simple joys of living a cozy life. This can take shape in many ways. A sprinkling of cinnamon in your coffee while the rain hits your tin roof. Warm hand-knitted mittens put on just before a snowy sleigh ride.
From the Danish tourism site Denmark.dk, they explain “In brief, hygge is about taking time away from the daily rush to be together with people you care about – or even by yourself – to relax and enjoy life’s quieter pleasures.”
Interestingly, they further share that this concept has been around for centuries. “Various definitions of hygge can be traced back to the Middle Ages, where a similar Old Norse word meant ‘protected from the outside world.’”
DIA DE LOS MUERTOS (Mexico)
Día de los Muertos, (or in English, Day of the Dead) is a two-day Mexican celebration in early November which bridges the living with their loved ones who have passed on. It is a joyous celebration, meant to bring happiness by way of remembrance.
From a site dedicated to explaining the Day of the Dead, this holiday notes the idea that “the passageway between the real world and the spirit world is open so (that) our deceased loved ones can come back to visit us. What do we do when grandpa comes back from the land of the dead? We make his favorite meal and we offer him his favorite drink. We sing, dance, and rejoice before he heads back to the underworld for another year.”
幸福 XING FU (China)
In Chinese, one potential translation of these two characters are – Xing: “Two hands cradling a baby over a roof” and Fu: good fortune. This idea of contentment relies heavily on family bonds and, well, luck.
From Wukongsch.com: “Together, these two characters encompass a vision of lasting security, comfort, and wellbeing. Xìng provides the circumstances and environment needed for happiness through shelter and care, while Fú confers the gifts and blessings which contribute to an enduring sense of satisfaction and meaning. This fusing of external and internal sources of profound contentment reveals a holistic view of happiness in Chinese culture spanning back thousands of years.”
GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS (Bhutan)
This “happiness philosophy” was brought forth by Bhutan’s 4th King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, and considered far more valuable than Gross National Product, which so many countries emphasize.
India Today shares “GNH represents the holistic potential of our mind and body, and its path towards a deeper peace, calmness and happiness. It also reminds us of the multiple sources of suffering and pain, such as material deprivations, breakdowns of intimate relationships, personal traumas, and of the confusion between choosing means and ends.”


















